Female Offenders: Harsher Sentences In Courts

Fe manful Offenders Harsher Sentences In CourtsMost research implies that there is a significant difference in the way wo hands and custody w be get acrossed by the iniquitous system and that these differences are mainly due to the operation of gender stereotypes. Research studies possess hypothesised that gender does affect sentence in a material body of ways. The effect is not necessarily explicit and it may or may not to the woman offenders apparent advantage. This implies that it may be harsher or more(prenominal) than lenient as compared to that of the male offenders. It has a identical been suggested that the fact that men and women enter the criminal justice system in ways that are antithetical and the fact that they withal commit different characteristics might curb an effect on the way they are treated by the system. Based on this, this makeup seeks to discuss whether feminine offenders receive harsher sentences in courts than do their male counterparts based on their gender status. In discussing whether female offenders are treated differently from their male counterparts by the criminal justice system, this paper volition similarly review the various theoretical frameworks from early feminists and classical theorists. It provide also include explanations on the historical priming coat of the issue and on well-nigh features of the maleness of law. Pollak (1961) argues males in the criminal justice system are captivated by women offenders ca use them to treat them leniently. This thesis is further criticised by Heidensohn (1985), bingle of the known feminists who argues that Pollaks theory is based on female biology making it unsociological, ahistiorical and ideological. He goes on to suggests that apart from the committing the crime, female offenders are also tried for their femininity thusly face double jeopardy. As such, they receive harsher sentence and crime as compared to the male offenders. Female offenders are also norm a ll toldy punished for their sexual misbehaviour, in the in timet it exists, which is not the case with the male counterparts. Based on this argument, the courts apply a double standard for female offenders. This paper will hence look at cases in which women offenders buy into the gender contract and other cases in which women receive harsh treatment as swell up as sentences by the criminal justice system. The paper will discuss at how the law views females and how this is connected to the way in which women offenders are treated differently (either harshly or more lenient) from men. The question of whether female offenders are treated less harshly by the criminal justice system is also inherently connect to the debate of why there has been an increase in female offenders. Simon (1975) and Adler (1975) argue that due to the womens liberation movement, a theory referred to as the liberation thesis, women commit over the old age become more men-like. Simon Landis (1991), explain that feminist calls for equality has ca handlingd a decline in chivalry within courts in the way they treat female offenders. Based on these arguments and theories, this paper will discuss how the courts, star of the agencies of the criminal justice dismissworks treats women offenders during passing of sentences.In discussing this question, it is worth to note that historically and even presently, women commit less crime than males. harmonise to the British criminal statistics, there are various differences amongst male and female offenders. According to the Home self-confidence (2003), women constituted only 19 percent of the known offenders. The statistics also show that women commit also commit crimes that are violent such as theft, pretender and robbery. 75 percent of crime committed by women is theft and handling according to these statistics. It is however worth to note that women commit less violent crimes as compared to their male counterparts (Lise, 2009). They howev er participate in all types of criminal activities (Lise, 2009).Statistics also imply that female offenders are more likely to be cauti geniusd for crimes and offenses that are guilty than men. Figures show that the cautioning rate for women was 44 pe5cent as compared to 27 percent for men. Research also showed that women were less likely to be charged after being arrested for offenses than men. 52 percent of women arrested were charged as compared to 60 percent of men arrested (Lise, 2009).According to Lambrose Ferrero (1995), there are less criminals among females than there are among males and that female criminals have more anomalies than the normal women. According to these theorists, female offenders do not act in accordance with the standards pre-defined and are regarded to be pathological hence require to be removed(p) from the society or undergo treatment to make them normal. Courts therefore tend to punish female offenders for their offenses and for not complying with t he pre-defined standards. This is implies that they receive double punishment which is not so with the male counterparts. As such, female offenders receive harsher sentences than males by courts. merchandise Demographics Marketing EssayMarket Demographics Marketing EssayExecutive summaryWhen you ask for Kleenex, e veryone knows you are asking for a waver. Although the number of rivals has been increased peculiarly during the last decades, today, Kleenex with its worldwide popularity and its strong scrape that built within its eighty years old understands take of its different nodes. Obviously, one of the major group of the guests, are men. Although the mens mantrap vex foodstuff lags the womens by some time, a late report pointed that the male salad dressing commercialise has been increase at double digit produce rates over the last decade in the US that in turns widespread in the other parts of the world. The economic downturn has tempered optimism but the mens beau ty market remains one of the best performing fragments in the face-to-face keeping sector, according to a new report by Diagonal Reports. Men are now catching up with women with read for mens hair coloring and join skins having now taken off, decades after the womens coloring boom. A fundamental change in male manner towards their appearance is responsible for this growth. Very large come of men are much more interested in their appearance than previously and interested in a different way than was the case. As one male provision expert pointed out, Many men have a new attitude to appearance, it is no longer just functional, and they pauperization their appearance to be in fashion. Hence, we have just concerned about men as women, children and others that in turns directed us to think about providing a new increase for them. For this reason, we thought about producing new wanders that have some unique perspectives especially for men and could help to protect and improve t heir skin and their appearance.Even though, the traditional categories like ultra- soft tissue and Kleenex bandion continue to be the most purchased produces, a growing number of men are beginning to experiment with other, less traditional cosmetics and toiletries productions, such as facial cleansers tissue, as well as face and body tissue with rejuvenate property by adding vitamins like vitamin E, sun block, parking area tea extract and exfoliation substances in the nerve midsection layer of the tissue. These core materials are the most sought after by dandy man who want to keep skin full of life story in tissues daily use.2.0 Situation AnalysisKimberly-Clark Corporation (Kimberly-Clark) is one of the leading consumer product companies in the world. It holds the initial or the second persuasion globally in terms of market share in more than 80 countries. It has operations in 36 countries and sells its products in more than 150 countries. The companys well-known family ca re and personal care discolourations such as Kleenex, Scott, Andrex, Huggies, Pull-Ups, Kotex, Poise and Depend are top ranking brands in terms of market share in more than 80 countries. High consumer loyalty and strong brand recognition help the company garner a substantial market share. However, economic slowdown in the US and Eurozone could adversely affect demand for Kimberly-Clark products.2.1 Market Summary2.1.1 Market DemographicsThe profile of the interior views customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavior factorsGeographicsWe have set first geographic target area, which is Malaysia. After successful hit the Malay market, we will expand our new product in Asia area then spread across the world.According to Malaysia demographics profile 2009, male universe of discourse between 15-64 years is now 8,210,373(31.9% of total tribe of 25,715,819) we sweep up the population between 18 to 45 years old to be 20%.DemographicsMaleHave atten ded collegeAble and young, affluent customersA combined last one-year incomeThe age range from 18 to 45,more than 60% clustering around 18-25 years oldSocial class cover from the working class to middle class, upper uppersPsychographicsAll men who take care of themselves, concerned with their appearanceProtect and improve their skin is pregnant for themHe perceives himself as tasteful and able, and they asseverate on Many men have a new attitude to appearance, it is no longer just functional, and they want their appearance to be in fashion. way FactorsThe behavior of target customer is what accepted as masculine has shifted considerably throughout the times, so the modern concept of how a man should be differs from the nonesuch man of previous eras. Some styles and behaviours that are today considered feminine, in the past were, part of the mans domain (e.g., makeup, jewellery).He take pride in having an active image in using man care productsOnce they try, it is hardly to con vertibleThey often show up at following placesMan SPA centersMens salons and barbershops golf club2.1.2 Market NeedsKimberly-Clark Corporation is providing the men who are living in urban districts with facial tissues The Company seeks to fulfill the following benefits that are important to its target consumersHigh Quality Based on our target market, the costumers are pursuing a higher quality of life. Attitudes and habits are changing among male consumers regarding their hygiene, grooming and physical appearance, as well as the purchasing habits among men.Rejuvenate property Add vitamins like vitamin E, sun block, and green tea extract and exfoliation substances in the middle layer of the tissue. These core materials are the most sought after by dandy man who want to keep skin full of life in tissues daily use.Customer service Exemplary service is required to build a sustainable business that has a loyal customer base.2.1.3 Market TrendsWith men becoming more involved with their gr ooming habits and the explosive growth in the mens segment we saw a huge opportunity to introduce the male consumer tissue to a new pro piazza in skincare. Younger men are clearly more interested in taking care of themselves than their fathers or even their older brothers. But is it because resistance sexuality has become more widely accepted by the masses or simply because of their generations habits?Its a generational thing. The guys in these generations get their bodies waxed, work out, style their hair, go to tanning salons, etc., more than their predecessors. they were raised on MTV, the Internet and reality shows, every minute of their lives is a photo-opportunity, they of all time want to look like theyre ready for their 15 minutes of fame, and dont think theres anything feminine about that.Using metro sun block among groups of friends going to beach or swimming pools which is really germane(predicate) in Malaysia because of its climatic situation is a notable trend.Another trend is using metro aroma in groups of boys parties and special ceremonies and weddings with wide range of aromas which can satisfy different tastes in wide range of groups.The other trend is using of Kleenex metro with vitamin E for nutritive and rejuvenating the skin especially among men between 30 to 45 years old who strongly have desire to be always in centre of attention still keeping their skin nourished and shiny to make them more attractive.2.1.4 Market GrowthWith changing men habits of fashion life and aid to show more and more attention to be sensitive about their appearance, the market for men care products is growing. As men using these kinds of products, a lot of companies are trying to establish new product line in their portfolio specially designed for men. By increase in number of producers and variety of men products, the companies should try to set the bells still competitive to remain in this market and grow in the same time to satisfy rate of growing throng in this market segment.2.2 SWOT AnalysisThe following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weakness within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing Kleenex.StrengthsWeaknessesStrong market locate and brandsdiversify business portfolioStrong growth in revenues and pull insLack of scaleBusiness concentrationOpportunitiesThreatsGrowth in Asian marketsAcquisition and alliancesincrease preference for natural personalcare products impatient competitionincrease oil termss2.2.1 StrengthsStrong market position and brandsKimberly-Clark has a strong market position. It has operations in 36 countries and sells its products in more than 150 countries. The company is well-known for its family care and personal care brands. It holds the first or the second position globally in terms of market share in more than 80 countries. Focus on building brands has helped Kimberly-Clark capture a strong market position. The companys brand portfolio includes some of the most p opular brands of the world such as GoodNites, Cottonelle, Kleenex, Scott, Andrex, Hakle, Huggies,etc. The companys brand recognition has helped it to achieve consumer loyalty overtime ensuring a high market share.Diversified business portfolioKimberly-Clark has a diversified business structure. The companys operations are carried out through personal care, consumer tissue, Kimberly-Clark professional and others, and health care segments.The companys personal care segment contributed 41.4% of the total revenues in 2007 consumer tissue derived 35.4%, Kimberly-Clark professional other 16.6%, health care 6.6%.The companys revenues grew by 9.1% in 2007, because of higher sales volumes, favorable currency effects, increased net selling prices and an improved product mix. The company is not over dependent upon on any one business. A diversified business portfolio helps the company have it off with fluctuations in any one of its businesses and has led to a stable revenue growth.Strong gro wth in revenues and profitsKimberly-Clark has recorded a strong growth in revenues and profits in the last few years. Its revenues have increased at a compounded annual growth rate, CAGR (2005-2007) of 7% from $15,902 jillion in 2006 to $18,266 million in 2008. The companys lucrativeness has also increased in upstart years. Its operating profit increased at a CAGR (2005-2007) of 6% from $2,311 million in 2005 to $2,616 million in 2008. Similarly, the companys net profit also increased during (2005-2007) from $1,568 million in 2005 to $1,823 million in 2007. Robust fiscal performance strengthens the financial position of the company and provides a platform for future growth.2.2.2 WeaknessesLack of scaleThe company lacks the scale to compete with large players in the industry. Many of the companys competitors are much bigger in size in terms of revenue generated and number of employees. Kimberly-Clark generated $18,266 million and employed 53,000 people in 2007, while one of its ke y competitors, Johnson Johnson (JJ) generated revenues of about $61,095 million in 2008 and employed about 119,200 people worldwide. Another competitor, The Procter Gamble Company (PG) generated revenues of about $76,476 million and employed 138,000 people in 2007. Owing to its relatively microscopical scale of operations, the company could find it difficult to face competition.Business concentrationKimberly-Clark has concentrated operations both in terms of geography and customers. In the pecuniary year 2007, the company derived approximately $10,192.1 million (53.9%) of its revenues from North American region out of which $9,875.6 million (52.2%) came from the US alone. In terms of customer concentration, Wal-Mart, the companys largest customer, contributed approximately 13% to its revenues since 2005.High dependence upon a single large customer like Wal-Mart could reduce the bargaining power of the company. Any decrease in revenue from this customer could have an adverse effe ct on the companys revenues and profits. moreover, the company is exposed to risks associated with the single economy, while its competitors such as The Procter and Gamble Company with significant operations in other countries are guarded against such a risk.2.2.3 OpportunitiesGrowth in Asian marketsThe consumer products and personal care products businesses are driven significantly by tierce basic demographic factors population growth, household formation and household income growth. These factors are now driving strong growth in many of the companys developing markets including Asia, especially India and China.The companys sales increased in developing markets by 12% in 2008. In addition, in the categories in which Kimberly-Clark competes, developing countries currently represent a $4.5 million market that is predicted to reach $5.2 billion by 2010. Moreover, the company has its operations in 36 countries. This provides Kimberly-Clark with the opportunity to enhance its market share as well as expand its presence in other categories.Acquisition and alliancesKimberly-Clark has been expanding its portfolio of services by entering into strategic agreements, and acquiring organizations to strengthen its position in the industry. For example In January 2007, ICG Commerce a leading procurement services provider signed a five-year contract to provide certain sourcing and supply management activities for Kimberly-Clark Corporation. This move will will Kimberly-Clark to direct its resources on innovation, brand-building and other capabilities that will drive long-term sustainable growth.Further, In March 2008, Kimberly-Clark reached an agreement to purchase the remaining stake in its South African subsidiary, Kimberly-Clark of South Africa (K-CSA) from The Lion Match Company wholly-owned subsidiary of FASIC Investment Corporation Limited. K-CSA is a leading manufacturer and marketer of tissue, personal care and business-to-business products and also markets Kimbe rly-Clarks line of health care products. Kimberly-Clarks increased ownership in K-CSA will enhance its growth potential in African region. The companys alliances in these areas would allow it to further strengthen its existing business or gain a strong foothold in new sectors and markets.Increasing preference for natural personal care productsSome consumers are realizing the power of treating their skin with vitamins, botanicals and avoiding such ingredients as parabens and sulfates. Consequently, natural and organic products are being seen and appreciated as being safe, efficacious, earth-friendly beauty solutions that are better for ones well-being. Another reason why natural ingredient based skincare and personal hygiene products are perceived as better and better is that natural as a standalone word/concept strongly implies a healthy balance. In that way, it can elicit an emotional response from consumers and therefore has strong relevance to emotional wellness. Kimberly-Clark can capitalize on this growing trend by launching more natural personal care products.2.2.4 ThreatsIntense competitionThe personal care businesses are characterized by concentrated competition throughout the world. The company competes in selected product categories against a number of multinational manufacturers. In addition to products sold in the mass-market and demonstrator-assisted channels, the companys products also compete with similar products sold in prestige department store channels, through door-to-door or mail-order trade or through telemarketing by representatives of direct sales companies. Brand recognition, quality, performance and price influence the consumers choice among competing products and brands. Advertising, promotion, merchandising, the pace and timing of new product introductions, line extensions and the quality of in-store sales staff also have a significant impact on consumers buying stopping points. Kimberly-Clarks major competitors include Georgia- Pacific Group, Johnson Johnson, Playtex Products and Procter Gamble Company.Increasing oil pricesFuel costs for the company represent a significant portion of its dissemination cost, thereby, affecting its operating margin. A number of the companys products, such as diapers, training and youth pants, incontinence care products, disposable wipes and various health care products contain certain materials which are principally derived from petroleum. These materials are subject to price fluctuations based on changes in petroleum prices, availability and other factors. The company purchases these materials from a number of suppliers.The crude oil prices have been increasing in recent years. The crude oil prices rose from $60 per barrel in October 2006 to $126 per barrel in May 2008. The price of natural gas has also increased. The short-term lookout man indicated further increase in oil and natural gas prices. The surprise fall in US energy stocks and Organization of the Petroleum E xporting Countries (OPEC)s decision to stick to its current output levels are expected to keep oil prices above the key $100 mark. Higher fuel prices are likely to have a direct impact on the companys distribution cost and may directly affect its margins.2.3 CompetitionKimberly-Clark Corporation is forming its own market for male tissue products. Although there are companies that do make tissues and toiletries, So far the Kleenex is the only brand thoroughly designed for men, especially metro-sexual.2.4 Product continueingWe decide to offer three products for the first run, all of them have been designed to attract the target market of metrosexual men, although have potential attractiveness among other groups. These products are designed to be easily hold and used by target market and have a clear advantage because of their special life styleTissues with Vitamin E supply and rejuvenate the skinTissues with Sun block creams protect skin from UV damageTissues with Aroma perfume attr acting, relaxing and anti stress effectThey also have been designed in three packs for ease of use and different rate of use50 tissue pack25tissue pack10 tissue pack2.5 Marketings key success factorsThe key to success is designing and providing something special for a relatively high portion in market that matches their require and have potential to go further of their expectation because of its high quality material and special features which have been introduces new to market and has the support of one of the best brand tissue companies (Kleenex), so it already has a good name because of the brand and by combining it with high quality and special features according to customer needs and demand can achieve a reasonable success in the market.2.6 Critical issuesUsing the Kleenex brand reputation this product should be always monitored in order to keep the quality high and constant.Pursue and control the growth rate to ensure that this product line revenue always exceeds the expenses to ensure the profitability of this product line.Customer satisfaction should be carefully monitored to prevent the thread of new similar products. In other word it should always exceed the customer expectation.3.0 Marketing strategyThe marketing strategy for introducing and maintaining this product is focus on male care and increase in attractiveness of this issue among the group which covers a high portion of Malaysia population (20%) that prepares the grounds for achieving reasonable and successful growth in this market. Special differentiation of this product is its nourishing and rejuvenating feature. (3)3.1 Corporate missionKleenexmetro strive to provide the finest special application tissues in combination with best quality resources. We recognize that only companies that build sustainability into the way they do business will have enduring success. Our business relies on natural resources such as wood fiber, energy and water. It is clearly in our best interest to design pro ducts and manufacturing processes that observe these resources and secure their availability for the future.Measurable and attainable headings short term / long term goals3.2 Marketing objectives of the planMaintain positive growth by diversifying products for different purpose of usages, for example developing new products using during body building or other physical exercises, (Product development strategy.)Trying to steadily increase demand by penetrating among other male and/ or female groups (using in beauty salons, sport teams)3.3 Financial objectivesIncrease sales by 2% in the year 2011. (1)According to Malaysian demographic profile (2009), population growth rate is 1.7%, we use this figure in financial growth rate and assume that financial growth rate is 2% accordingly.Allocate 10-15% of sales revenue to RD projects each yearAllocate 5% of sales revenue to corporate sociable responsibility each yearAchieve 30% sales growth rate till 2013. (10% growth each year)(2) We have used NIVEA for men annual report, using its sales growth forecast here.3.4 Target markets profilesNow the number of men who are changing their purchasing habits towards personal hygiene, grooming and physical appearances products is increasing.So, all men who take care of themselves and concerned with their appearance are our target market. We call them Metrosexual Men. The age interval of this segment is between 18 to 45 years old, with 60% concentration on men around 18-25 years old, men who really care into rejuvenating and protecting skin during their daily life. The income of dandy man is the privy of attractiveness of this segment which is relatively high. In addition the growth rate of this phenomenon is tremendous over the past several years.(3) According to Malaysia demographics profile 2009, male population between 15-64 years is now 8,210,373(31.9% of total population of 25,715,819) we assume the population between 18 to 45 years old to be 20%.More than 27% of men are us ing these products nowadays. However, another 35% of men today say that they are interested in trying them, but have not yet made the leap.(4) These figures are based on the results of our questionnaire survey.3.5 PositioningKleenex Metro, using Kleenex brand tissues trademark and industrial experience in the market since 1924, wants to position itself as the premier company in producing and offering high quality nourishing, rejuvenating and anti- UV tissues especially designed for dandy men.3.6 StrategiesUsing Kleenex as a well-known brand among the society the marketing strategy tries to attract customers among groups in several ways. First one is redesigning the Kleenex website, allocating a dominant position to Kleenex metro. Second and major one is promoting by viral marketing as our target segment have rigorous relation and connection to internet, specially websites, blogs and emails. The third strategy is using notable brand ambassadors for promoting the product on boards in cinemas, fashion magazines and related literatures. Using brand ambassador is relatively high cost advertising but has a great effect on this target market. After customer awareness we focus on other comparatively low cost options especially viral marketing and websites.3.7 Marketing MixProduct positioning product description, value added featuresValue Proposition Statement (VPS)The extra ordinary new feeling of new Kleenex Metro-softness with fabulous odor, more lively rejuvenated skin for those who indulge in metro-sexuality.Point of Parity (POP) Softness and fabulous odor are the both major similarities of this product and others.Point of Difference (POD) Nourishing and rejuvenating the skin could be considered as the two main differentiations of the product.Price- Pricing strategy, incentives (sales, discounts)The pricing objective is a combination of four subjects first and for most, affordable luxuries is the most considerable objective for this product, since it characteri zed by high levels of perceived quality and status among the consumers. Secondly, as the company has been produced tissues for many years it plagued more with intense competition and changing consumers wants. Hence, survival could be mentioned as another objective in this situation. Thirdly, it is better to set the price that provide maximum marginal profit that in turns lead to maximum current profit, cash flow or rate of return on investment. Therefore, maximum current profit is the other objective for the company. Last but not the least, as producing the new product requires a relatively new technology, it is better at first to set higher price compare with normal product and slowly lowered over time. Then, market- skimming pricing is the other objective.Price setting method We select a method of combination of the value perceived by the consumers and their assessments and the competitors price and the price of substitutes. In fact, there is a mutual relationship between consume rs and product on the one hand the product should deliver the value promised by its value proposition and on the other hand the customers must have perceived this value, so the gift pricing could be charged in this situation. Although, our product has some unique aspects, we considered the some products that maybe seem to look like our product in some other criteria too. Therefore, we have mentioned the price of those products based on the survey that we have done through some supermarkets, super stores and pharmacies (Carrefour, Cold transshipment center, Watson and Vita care).Elasticity of demand Since the luxuries aspect of the product is more dominant, its demand relatively hardly changes with a small change in price, hence, we can consider that it is inelastic.Price With consideration of especially these two previous items (the method and inelasticity of demand) and some other criteria like tendency of customers to process the prices in left-to-right manner we set the price f or our product as belowIncentives for increasing sales volume Discount and Allowances are two major categories that we could mention in this situation, especially for early payment (below than 15 days) and more volume purchases by the customers. Furthermore, we can consider some functional discount or trade discount for some channel members if they will perform certain functions that specified by the company for instance if they could keep the records, the company can allocate extraordinary discount to them.C- Place-sales area, distributionAt the beginning we have just considered Malaysia as our distribution area.Channel of distributionSelective distribution All the retailers and intermediaries willing to carry the products.Marketing channels retail stores, wholesalers/distributors and sales force.RetailersDepartment store Parkson, Metrojaya, Isetan and JuscoSupermarket Cold StorageSuperstore Carrefour, Tesco and GiantSpecialty stores Guardian, Apex, Prima Health and WatsonSPA cente rs that regularly visited by our target customersMens salons and barbershopsWholesalerAll merchant wholesalers (full-and-limited service jobbers and distributors)Competing brand No relevant competitor most likely have a lower price rangeD Promotion advertising methods, public relationsWe want to use two major marketing communication mixesPersonal influence channels1-Distribution of free 10-15 tissue sample packs at strategic business locations during the rush hours (especially at weekends nights).2-Appointment with spokesperson, celebrities and brand ambassadorNon personal communication channelsSales Promotion we intend to draw stronger and quicker response from buyers, moreover, we want to highlight our product offer, hence we can mention about consignment booths, product samples and prominent shelf displayers in the outlets.Place Advertising we want to increase the number of spontaneous buying decisions, so we can apply for using ads on shopping trolleys, shelves, floor space, i n-store demonstration.Publicity and PR we intend to attract attention to the product launch and bring credibility, therefore we had better to consider about special events, sponsoring celebrations the national and conventional events, press releases in this situation.Advertising as we want to increase the number of consumers who utilize the product and recognize it as a value product, we must apply for advertising on Newspapers, Magazines especially for Male, Outdoor, highway billboards and Internet)We will also focus on Kleenex website and use of viral marketing in our strategy for advertising and promoting the product.Finally, as we have specified our audiences all men especially Juvenile and young men (18-45 years old), we can follow the communications process model effectively in most of the relationships and communications with our customers.3.8 Marketing ResearchAs Kleenex is a very well-known brand and has a strong experience in launching and establishing many kinds of tiss ues, it has a good opportunity in testing its new products using its facilities, laboratories, scientists and experts. It has also a good position in tissue market to convince the customers in free toll zones for example for tourists and people who go holidays in special zones, such as Penang or Lankawi in Malaysia to achieve a strong feedback from its customers and improve the product.4.0 FinancialsThis section will offer the financial overview of Kleenex Metro, from the sales forecasting perspective. We do believe that we should take into consideration the conservative sales forecasting in order to have a more realistic estimation. For making related the financial overview to marketing activities and marketing expenses, we can expect to cover the marketing expenses from the sales of the second year.The expenses forecast will be used as a tool to keep the department on target and provide indicators when corrections or modifications are needed for the proper implementation of the m arketing plan.The purpose of the financial part of Kleenex Metro marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. The revenue, expenses, customer satisfaction, and etc will be monitored to gauge performance.Key planning assumptions (sources of information)(1)According to Malaysian demographic profile (2009), population growth rate is 1.7%, we use this figure in financial growth rate and assume that financial growth rate is 2% accordingly.(2)We have used NIVEA for men annual report, using its sales growth forecast here.(3)According to Malaysia demographics profile 2009, male population between 15-64 years is now 8,210,373(